PEG tube placement

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement is a procedure used to insert a feeding tube directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall. It is typically recommended for individuals who are unable to eat or drink orally due to various medical conditions such as dysphagia, neurological disorders, or severe illnesses.

During the PEG tube placement procedure, the patient is prepared by administering local anesthesia to the abdominal area and sometimes sedation for comfort. A gastroenterologist or interventional endoscopist then guides an endoscope, a flexible tube with a camera, through the mouth, down the esophagus, and into the stomach. This endoscopic guidance allows for visualization of the stomach's interior to determine the best location for tube placement.

Once the optimal site is identified, a small incision is made in the abdominal wall, usually near the upper left quadrant. A catheter with a deflated balloon at its tip is passed through this incision and into the stomach under endoscopic guidance. The balloon is then inflated inside the stomach, securing the tube in place. The external portion of the PEG tube is secured to the abdominal wall using sutures or a securing device.

After the PEG tube is placed, it can be connected to an external feeding bag or pump, allowing liquid nutrition, medications, or fluids to be delivered directly into the stomach. The tube can also serve for gastric decompression if necessary. This method of enteral feeding offers several benefits, including improved nutritional support, reduced risk of aspiration pneumonia, and enhanced comfort for patients who cannot swallow or eat by mouth.

While PEG tube placement is generally considered safe and effective, it carries potential risks such as infection, bleeding, tube dislodgement, or damage to surrounding organs. Patients undergoing this procedure receive post-procedure care instructions and monitoring to ensure optimal healing and functioning of the PEG tube. Healthcare providers carefully assess each patient's individual needs and medical status to determine the appropriateness of PEG tube placement and minimize potential complications.